National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
September 29, 2019 through January 26, 2020
In a major new exhibition opening this fall, the National Gallery of Art will examine the beauty and depth of pastel, tracing its rich history from the Renaissance to the present day. The Touch of Color: Pastels at the National Gallery of Art will feature some 70 exquisite examples drawn entirely from the Gallery’s permanent collection, including many works never before exhibited. The Touch of Color opens on September 29, 2019, and continues through January 26, 2020.
“The Touch of Color is a chance for our visitors to experience the marvelous qualities of pastel in the hands of great artists,” said Kaywin Feldman, director, National Gallery of Art. “The Gallery’s pastel collection is remarkably deep, with nearly every major period in the medium’s long, full history represented. The strength of the collection gives us a rare opportunity to present an exhibition of this scope and significance.”
Exhibition Organization
The exhibition is organized by the National Gallery of Art, Washington.
About the Exhibition
The Touch of Color: Pastels at the National Gallery of Art examines how artists through the centuries adopted different techniques and approaches to pastel, experimenting with this colorful and versatile medium to achieve exciting, often unexpected effects. With a single stroke of a pastel stick, the artist applies both color and line. The line can be left intact or smudged to create passages of velvety tone. Finished works range from the richly illusionist pastel “paintings” of the 18th century to the diaphanous sketches and colorful abstractions of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The origins of pastel date to the Renaissance and are linked with colored chalk, a naturally occurring substance mined in a limited range of colors. Pastel is formed using powdered pigment and a binding medium. The exhibition opens with a section on this early period, including preparatory sketches by Federico Barocci and Jacopo Bassano who used pastel and colored chalk to plan the distribution of light and color in their studies for oil paintings.
Artists found pastel ideal for depicting the soft textures of human skin and sumptuous fabric. Early 18th-century artists such as Rosalba Carriera used the medium almost entirely for highly finished portraits. Carriera’s studio in Venice became a tourist attraction as aristocrats on the Grand Tour visited to commission portraits or admire the examples on view. Two of her works—Allegory of Painting (1730s) and Sir John Reade, Bart. (1739) are featured in the exhibition.
By the mid-18th century, French pastelists had reached unprecedented levels of technical brilliance. Foremost among them was Maurice-Quentin de La Tour, whose portrayal of his teacher, Claude Dupouche (c. 1739), exemplifies his dazzling skill. La Tour was renowned for his ability to mimic textures ranging from the glint of metal to the glow of satin and for the immediacy of his portraits, which appear to capture his sitters in mid-conversation. Several French women, including Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, followed Rosalba’s example and became successful pastelists.
The craze for pastels spread to Britain where it was fueled by travelers as they arrived home from the Grand Tour with portraits by Rosalba or Hugh Douglas Hamilton, who is represented here by the spectacular full-length Frederick North, Later Fifth Earl of Guilford (1780s). Artists such as John Russell later marketed smaller and more intimate pastels to middle-class patrons. Pastel was perfect for portraits: as a dry medium, it was faster, cleaner, and more portable than oil paint; fewer sittings were required and artist could easily travel to patron. Finished works, their entire surfaces coated with velvety pastel, were considered paintings rather than drawings. Although nearly all pastels from this period are portraits, this section includes a pair of rare still lifes by Antoine Berjon, acquired by the Gallery earlier this year.
Pastel fell out of favor early in the 19th century. When artists returned to it later in the century, they broke with traditional approaches. Among the most influential figures was Jean-François Millet, represented in the exhibition by two drawings from the 1860s. The muted colors and expressive hatching of his pastoral scenes represented a radical departure from the meticulous “paintings” of the previous century. Millet’s work helped to inspire an international pastel revival. Pastel’s immediacy appealed to plein-air artists as well as to the impressionists.
Claude Monet’s Waterloo Bridge (1901) is one of a series made to study the effects of winter fog on the Thames.
Edouard
Manet
Madame
Michel-Lévy
,
1882
pastel
on canvas
overall:
74.2 x 51 cm (29 3/16 x 20 1/16 in.)
framed:
98.4 x 74.3 cm (38 3/4 x 29 1/4 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Chester Dale Collection
Edouard Manet used pastel mainly for portraits, such as Madame Michel-Lévy (1882). The Gallery is particularly rich in the works of Edgar Degas, one of the most creative pastelists. Degas experimented with a wide range of wet and dry techniques and sometimes combined pastels with printmaking, as in Café Concert (1876/1877). Among his other works included here is the breathtaking Young Woman Dressing Herself (1885). Mary Cassatt, Camille Pissarro, and Paul Gauguin are all represented in this section of the exhibition.
The dual role of pastel as a medium for both painting and drawing inspired new enthusiasm in the works of American artists of the late 19th century. James McNeill Whistler’s ethereal colored sketches of Venice, such as The Palace; white and pink (1879/1880), show how pastel lends itself well to providing highlights of color to subjects sketched in simple lines of graphite or ink. William Merritt Chase and his followers, in contrast, embraced a more painterly approach.
In Study of Flesh Color and Gold (1888), Chase took full advantage of the lush texture of pastel by blending it into passages of seamless tone.
By the 20th century pastel had broken free of the expectations of earlier centuries. Artists turned to its intense color and soft opacity in countless different ways. Some 20th-century artists experimented only briefly with pastel before turning to other media, and The Touch of Color includes rare pastels by Käthe Kollwitz, Henri Matisse, and Roy Lichtenstein. Jasper Johns sometimes uses pastel to explore the themes of earlier paintings, as in Untitled (from Untitled 1972) (1975/1976). Finally, in the latest work in the exhibition, Breach (2009), G. Daniel Massad uses this fragile medium to depict crumbling autumn leaves and to evoke his recurring theme of the passage of time.
Exhibition Curators
The exhibition is curated by Stacey Sell, associate curator, department of old master drawings, National Gallery of Art, and Kimberly Schenck, head of paper conservation, National Gallery of Art.
Henri
Matisse
Woman
with Exotic Plant
,
c. 1925
pastel
on wove paper coated with sawdust
overall:
66.1 x 51.4 cm (26 x 20 1/4 in.)
framed:
90.1 x 76.2 x 8.2 cm (35 1/2 x 30 x 3 1/4 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Chester Dale Collection
Object
ID: 5197-013
Jacopo Bassano
The
Mocking of Christ,
1568
colored
chalks on blue laid paper
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Andrew W. Mellon Fund
Everett Shinn
Over
the Audience,
1934–1940
pastel
on blue laid paper
overall:
28.5 x 37.5 cm (11 1/4 x 14 3/4 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Bequest of Julia B. Engel
Object
ID: 5197-021
Everett Shinn
Fifth
Avenue Bus, 23rd Street and Broadway,
1914
pastel
and charcoal on paperboard
overall:
48 x 65 cm (18 7/8 x 25 9/16 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Bequest of Julia B. Engel
Object
ID: 5197-022
Mary Cassatt
The
Black Hat,
c. 1890
pastel
on tan wove paper
overall:
61 x 45.5 cm (24 x 17 15/16 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon
Camille
Pissarro
A
Peasant Girl in a Straw Hat
,
c. 1892
pastel
over black chalk on laid paper
overall:
60.4 x 34.8 cm (23 3/4 x 13 11/16 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of Evelyn Stefansson Nef and Mr. and Mrs.
James T. Dyke
Object
ID: 5197-035
Odilon Redon
Saint
George and the Dragon
,
1880s and c. 1892
charcoal
and pastel on tan wove paper
overall:
53.7 x 37.5 cm (21 1/8 x 14 3/4 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of GTE and the New Century Fund
Object
ID: 5197-037
Jean-Baptiste Greuze
The
Well-Loved Mother
,
1765
pastel
with colored chalks and stumping on light golden-brown laid paper
overall:
44 x 32.2 cm (17 5/16 x 12 11/16 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, New Century Fund
Object
ID: 5197-039
John Singleton Copley
John
Temple
,
1765
pastel
on tan laid paper mounted on canvas (on strainer)
overall:
59.7 x 40 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/4 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Patrons' Permanent Fund
George Luks
Breadline,
1900
pastel
on paperboard
board
(sight): 48.26 x 73.66 cm (19 x 29 in.)
National
Gallery of Art, Washington, Corcoran Collection (Estate of Susie Brummer)
Object
ID: 5197-075
