Josef Albers in Mexico

Until 3 SEPTEMBER 2018
Peggy Guggenheim Collection | Venice, Italy

 From November 3, 2017, through March 28, 2018, the Guggenheim Museum will present Josef Albers in Mexico, an exhibition illuminating the relationship between the forms and design of pre-Columbian monuments and the art of Josef Albers (b. 1888, Bottrop, Germany; d. 1976, New Haven). The presentation will feature a selection of rarely shown early paintings, iconic canvases from Albers’s Homage to the Square and Variant/Adobe series, and works on paper.

The exhibition also includes a rich selection of photographs and photocollages, many of which have never before been on view and were created by Albers in response to frequent visits to Mexican archaeological sites beginning in the 1930s. With letters, studies, and unseen personal photographs alongside works drawn from the collections of the Guggenheim Museum and the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation, Josef Albers in Mexico presents an opportunity to learn about the least known aspect of his practice, photography, offering a new perspective on his most celebrated abstract works.

Josef Albers in Mexico is organized by Lauren Hinkson, Associate Curator, Collections, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.

An artist, poet, theoretician, and professor of arts and design at the Bauhaus, Dessau and Berlin; Black Mountain College, Asheville, North Carolina; and Yale University, New Haven, Albers worked across the mediums of painting, printmaking, murals, and architecture. With his wife, the artist Anni Albers, he traveled to Mexico and other Latin American countries more than a dozen times from 1935 to 1967 to visit monuments of ancient Mesoamerica, which archaeologists were then excavating amid a resurgence of interest in pre-Columbian art and culture. On each visit, Albers took hundreds of black-and-white photographs of the pyramids, shrines, and sanctuaries at these sites, often grouping multiple images printed at various sizes onto paperboard sheets. The resulting photographs and photocollages reveal Albers’s innovative, if understudied, approach to photography and also underscore the importance of seriality within his overall body of work.

Albers’s collaged images also suggest a nuanced relationship between the geometry and design elements of pre-Columbian monuments and the artist’s iconic abstract canvases and works on paper. Several of the latter are titled after key sites in Mexico, and formal resonances between the two bodies of work become apparent, especially when viewed together as in the Guggenheim presentation. Albers’s embrace of pre-Columbian imagery may be considered within the complex and often-fraught history of modernist artists looking toward non-Western cultures for source material.

His work contrasts with that of the revolutionary Mexican artists with whom he met on his trips, including Diego Rivera. At the same time, Albers’s long-term commitment to studying Mexican art and architecture also positions him as a prescient figure in the history of post–World War II American art, when artists such as Donald Judd, Ad Reinhardt, and Robert Smithson looked toward ancient traditions with a new sensitivity and self-awareness.

A fully illustrated catalogue, with scholarly essays by Hinkson and Joaquin Barríendos, accompanies Josef Albers in Mexico. The volume also includes writing by Josef Albers and an illustrated map documenting the Alberses’ journeys. The legacy of education is a strong element of his practice and will be reflected in public programs, such as a November 18 workshop for educators on the color theory he developed within his seminal pedagogical project Interactions of Color (1964).

Josef Albers
Governor’s Palace, Uxmal, 1952
Gelatin silver print, image: 11.6 x 17 cm; sheet: 12.7 x 18.1 cm
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Gift, The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation, 1996
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Josef Albers
Grand Pyramid, Tenayuca, 1937
Untitled (Great Pyramid, Tenayuca, Mexico)
Ohne Titel (Grosse Pyramide, Tenayuca, Mexiko)
Gelatin silver print, image: 7.8 x 11 cm; sheet: 8.4 x 11.6 cm
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Gift, The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation, 1996
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Josef Albers
Mitla, 1956
Gelatin silver prints and  postcards, mounted on paperboard, 20.3 × 30.5 cm
The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York





Josef Albers
To Mitla, ca. 1940
Oil on Masonite, 53.3 × 71.1 cm
The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Study for Homage to the Square: Consent, 1947
Oil on Masonite, 40.3 × 40.2 cm
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Gift, The Josef
Albers Foundation, Inc., 1991
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

 Josef Albers
Variant/Adobe, Orange Front, 1948-1958
Oil on Masonite, 59.6 × 68.5 cm
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, Gift, The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation in honor of Philip Rylands for his continued commitment to the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, 1997
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York



Josef Albers
Prismatic II, 1936
Oil on wood composition panel, 45.7 × 48.3 cm
The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York



Josef Albers
Study for Sanctuary, ca. 1941-42
Ink on paper, 43.2 × 55.9 cm
The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Josef Albers
Detail of stonework, Mitla, ca. 1957
Gelatin silver print, 24.7 × 17.7 cm
The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation
© 2017 The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

The Medici’s Painter: Carlo Dolci and 17th-Century Florence,

“Everything he made sprang from tenderness.” — The Boston Globe

The Nasher Museum of Art is proud to present The Medici’s Painter: Carlo Dolci and 17th-Century Florence, the country’s first-ever exhibition of the remarkable paintings and drawings by Carlo Dolci (1616-1687). A favorite of the Medici court, Dolci was a celebrated and popular artist in his day, but his personal and original interpretation of sacred subjects fell out of favor in the 19th century. The Medici’s Painter invites us to see this artist with new eyes. The meticulously painted and emotionally charged works that were carefully selected for this exhibition, from U.S. museums as well as important private collections and major museums in Europe, allow for a reassessment of an Old Master painter whose reputation deserves to be restored.



Dolci was a precocious child, entering the workshop of Jacopo Vignali at the age of nine. Very early, his extraordinary gifts as a painter were discovered by Don Lorenzo de’ Medici and other powerful persons in Florence, who recognized Dolci’s remarkable ability to render details from nature, especially facial features and hands, as well as complicated drapery. As a boy and throughout his life, he was called “Carlino” (little Carlo), possibly because of his short stature and humble character. He was also extremely pious. If not diligently practicing drawing or developing his painter’s craft, he often could be found praying in Santa Maria Novella.

“When it comes to the art of painting, in the future the world would be less beautiful if every century did not have its Carlino.” — Filippo Baldinucci, Notizie de’ professori del disegno da Cimabue in qua, 1681-1728

In 1632, when he was 16, Dolci opened his own workshop in Florence. One of his pupils was Filippo Baldinucci, who would become the leading connoisseur in Florence, and the author of the official biography of his “beloved Carlino.” Unlike most of his contemporaries, Dolci refused most commissions for large altarpieces and frescos. Baldinucci tells us that, rather early in his career, Dolci vowed to paint only religious works. A handful of portraits have survived, however, including the exhibition’s dashing Portrait of Stefano della Bella, which demonstrates Dolci’s skill in capturing the sitter’s personality as well as every fold and ruffled edge of the multi-layered linen collar.

The Medici’s Painter also contains a rare still life,  

 


Vase of Tulips, Narcissi, Anemones and Buttercups with a Basin of Tulips. The Medici coat of arms in the middle of the gilded vase suggests it was a commission he could not turn down. Dolci’s real desire, however, and his spiritual mission, was to paint intimate depictions of divine subjects that would inflame the faith of those who viewed them.

The Medici’s Painter gives us an opportunity to study Dolci’s painstaking application of paint using ultrafine brushes, and only a few bristles, or the concentration it took to make tiny details look so real, as in the lace on the cloth beneath the Christ child’s feet in the foreground of

 

The Virgin and Child with Lilies from Montpellier.

One of the first things visitors will notice about a Dolci picture is his brilliant sense of color, achieved by his access to expensive materials, such as real gold and ground lapis lazuli, which accounts for the beautiful blues. There is often a high finish that gives the surface a smooth, enamel-like quality.

Dolci’s technique was time-consuming and exacting. He was notoriously slow, a perfectionist who might take as long as 11 years to finish a canvas to his own satisfaction. Another habit contributed to the inordinate length of time: According to his biographer, Dolci would recite the litany Ora pro nobis (pray for us) between each brush stroke and sometimes write inscriptions on the back of his canvas. The Medici’s Painter includes a fine example of such a canvas, so visitors can see Carlino’s tiny florid script.

“Dolci was an incredible colorist and an impeccable draftsman,” said Sarah Schroth, Mary D.B.T. and James H. Semans Director of the Nasher Museum. “Visitors will delight in his perfect rendering of hands and faces — and will be dazzled by his colors, such as the intense blue made from ground lapis lazuli.”



The Medici’s Painter is accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue, published by the Davis Museum at Wellesley College ($35, Yale University Press). The catalogue was edited by exhibition curator Eve Straussman-Pflanzer, head of the European art department and Elizabeth and Allan Shelden Curator of European paintings at the Detroit Institute of Arts.

The Medici’s Painter features essays by Straussman-Pflanzer and other leading early modern scholars: Francesca Baldassari, Edward Goldberg, Lisa Goldenberg Stoppato and Scott Nethersole. T

AMERICA’S COOL MODERNISM: O’KEEFFE TO HOPPER

The Ashmolean 
23 March–22 July 2018

The Ashmolean will present a major exhibition of works by American artists that have never before travelled outside the USA (23 March–22 July 2018). 

AMERICA’S COOL MODERNISM: O’KEEFFE TO HOPPER will show over eighty paintings, photographs and prints, and the first American avant-garde film, Manhatta, from international collections. Eighteen key loans will come from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; and a further twenty-seven pieces are being loaned by the Terra Foundation for American Art with whom the exhibition is organised. Thirty-five paintings have never been to the UK and seventeen of these have never left the USA at all.

COOL MODERNISM examines famous painters and photographers of the 1920s and ‘30s with early works by Georgia O’Keeffe; photographs by Alfred Stieglitz, Paul Strand and Edward Weston; and cityscapes by Edward Hopper. It also displays the pioneers of modern American art whose work is less well-known in the UK, particularly Charles Demuth (1883–1935) and Charles Sheeler (1883–1965). On show will be major pieces by the so-called precisionist artists.




These include Demuth’s I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold (1928, from the Met), the painting Robert Hughes described as the ‘one picture so famous that practically every American who looks at art knows it.’ Made in 1928 and dedicated to the poet William Carlos Williams, the Figure 5, was one of a series of symbolist ‘poster-portraits’ which Demuth made of friends and fellow artists. Consisting of an enormous, stylized ‘5’ that occupies the entire picture plane and painted in bold colours on wallboard, the painting evokes new styles of advertising that were multiplying in American cities in the 1920s – a remarkable anticipation of Pop art later in the century.




Another important loan is Sheeler’s Americana (1931, from the Met) which has never been lent outside the USA. The painting shows a traditional American domestic scene with Shaker furniture and folk objects arranged in a near abstract composition – a blend of modernist forms with a historical subject.

Other rare loans include a painting by E.E. Cummings (1894–1962), better known for his poetry;

 

and Le Tournesol (The Sunflower) (c. 1920, NGA Washington DC) by Edward Steichen (1879–1973) who destroyed nearly all his paintings before dedicating himself to photography. The Sunflower was exhibited in Paris shortly after it was painted in 1922 and has not been seen in Europe since then.


Dr Xa Sturgis, Director of the Ashmolean, says: 

 ‘It is an extraordinary privilege to borrow some of the greatest works ever made by American artists for this landmark exhibition. The Ashmolean is indebted to the Terra Foundation, the Met and other lenders for parting with so many of their treasures.  We are bringing together an exceptional collection of paintings, photographs and prints - iconic pieces that have never been to the UK before and deserve to be better-known in this country. We will reveal a fascinating aspect of American interwar art that is yet to be explored in a major exhibition.’

The exhibition looks at a current in interwar American art that is relatively unknown. The familiar story of America in the ‘Roaring Twenties’ is that of The Great Gatsby, the Harlem Renaissance and the Machine Age; while the 1930s are known as the Steinbeckian world marked by the Depression and the New Deal.


This exhibition focuses on the artists who grappled with the experience of modern America with a cool, controlled detachment, eliminating people from their pictures altogether. For some this treatment reflected an ambivalence and anxiety about the modern world. Factories without workers and streets without people could seem strange and empty places.

CATALOGUE

America's Cool Modernism: O'Keeffe to Hopper Paperback 

by Katherine Bourgignon (Author),‎ Leo Mazow (Contributor),‎ Lauren Kroiz (Contributor)

 

Two works by Jacob Lawrence (1917–2000) from his ‘Migration’ series, which is otherwise full of characters, are notable for the absence of people. They express the harsh experience of African Americans travelling north in hope of a better life. What they found was often more frightening than promising.

 Edward Hopper’s Manhattan Bridge Loop (1928) has a gloomy atmosphere with a tiny, solitary pedestrian whose walking pace is at odds with the bridge’s traffic.


For others, this cool treatment of contemporary America was a positive response - an expression of optimism and pride.  Skyscrapers and bridges become studies in geometry; and cities are cleansed and ordered with no crowds and no chaos.




 Louis Lozowick’s (1892–1973) prints capture the energy of the city in curving sprawls and buildings soaring into the sky; while Ralston Crawford (1906–78)



and Charles Sheeler depict the architecture of industrial America – factories, grain elevators, water plants – as the country’s new cathedrals, glorious in their scale and feats of engineering, yet oddly emptied of people.


These artists were also engaged in a conscious effort to develop a distinctly American modernism, not derived from Europe but rooted in American cultural tradition and the landscape. They drew a direct line of descent from the simple utilitarian forms of Shaker furniture and rural barns to the standardized, machine-made world of the 1920s and ‘30s. In painting and photographing these subjects in a commensurate style – crisp surfaces, flattened perspective, linear purity - artists and critics were revealing an essential attribute of the American character – modernity.


Dr Katherine Bourguignon, Terra Foundation for American Art and exhibition curator, says:

‘In addition to the artists who are well-known in the UK, this exhibition is an opportunity to introduce a European audience to important figures like Patrick Henry Bruce, Helen Torr and Charles Sheeler; and photographers of the interwar period including Imogen Cunningham and Berenice Abbott. These artists were actively seeking to create art that could be seen as authentically ‘American’. Decades before the Pop artists addressed consumerism and the American character, artists in the 1920s and ‘30s were dealing with these themes in remarkably modern images marked by emotional restraint and ‘cool’ control.’

Images

Marsden Hartley (1877, –, 1943), Painting No. 50, 1914–15, Oil on canvas, 119.4 x 119.4 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,

 Edward Steichen (1879, –, 1973), Le Tournesol (The Sunflower), c.1920, Tempera and oil on canvas, 92.1 x 81.9 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, © The Estate of Edward Steichen/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, 

E.E.Cummings (1894, –, 1962), Sound, 1919, Oil on canvas, 89.2 x 88.9 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York , © The Estate of E.E. Cummings,

Patrick Henry Bruce (1881, –, 1936), Peinture, 1917–18, Oil & graphite on canvas, 65.1 x 81.6 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,

Morton Schamberg (1881, –, 1918), Untitled (Mechanical Abstraction), 1916, Oil on composition board, 49.8 x 39.8 cm, © Whitney Museum of Modern Art, New York,

John Covert (1882, –, 1960), Resurrection, 1916, Oil, gesso & pile fabric on plywood, 60.6 x 65.9 cm, © Whitney Museum of Art, New York / estate of the artist, 

Georgia O’Keeffe (1887, –, 1986), Black Abstraction, 1927, Oil on canvas, 76.2 x 102.2 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York , © Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York, 

Arthur Dove (1880, –, 1946), Mountain and Sky, c.1925, Oil on wood panel, 39.7 x 30.2 cm, © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,

Arthur Dove (1880, –, 1946), Goat, 1935, Oil on canvas with selective varnish, 58.4 x 78.7 cm, © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,

Arthur Dove (1880, –, 1946), Fishboat, 1930, Oil on paperboard nailed to wood strainer, 61.6 x 84.5 cm, © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,

Arthur Dove (1880, –, 1946), Boat going through Inlet, c. 1929, Oil on tin, 51.4 x 71.8 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Art Acquisition , Endowment Fund, Chicago,

Georgia O’Keeffe (1887, –, 1986), Abstraction, 1919, Oil on canvas, 25.7 x 17.9 cm, The Newark Museum, New Jersey, © Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York,

Arthur Dove (1880, –, 1946), Penetration, 1924, Oil on board, 54 x 44.8 cm, © The Jan T. and Marica Vilcek Collection,

Helen Torr (1886, –, 1967), Purple and Green Leaves, 1927, Oil on copper, mounted on board, 51.4 x 38.7 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Estate of Helen Torr, with the permission of John and Diane Rehm,

Helen Torr (1886, –, 1967), Crimson and Green Leaves, 1927, Oil on plywood, 35.9 x 31.8 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, © Estate of Helen Torr, with the permission of John and Diane Rehm,

Paul Strand (1890, –, 1976), Still Life, Pear and Bowls, Twin Lakes, Connecticut, 1916, Printed on Lana Gravure paper, 25.4 x 28.6 cm, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, © Aperture Foundation Inc., Paul Strand Archive,

Imogen Cunningham (1883, –, 1976), Magnolia Blossom, 1925, Gelatin silver print, Private Collection, New York, © The Imogen Cunningham Trust, all rights reserved,

Paul Strand (1890, –, 1976), Abstraction, Porch Shadows, Twin Lakes, Connecticut, 1916, Printed on Lana Gravure paper, 30.2 x 20.4 cm, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, © Aperture Foundation Inc., Paul Strand Archive,

Berenice Abbott (1898–1991), John Watts Statue: From Trinity Churchyard, Looking toward One Wall , Street, Manhattan,,  1 February 1938, Gelatin silver print, 24.1 x 19.1 cm, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, New York, © Berenice Abbott, ,

Imogen Cunningham (1883, –, 1976), Fageol Factory, Oakland, 1934, Gelatin silver print, 17.7 x 22.7 cm, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY, © The Imogen Cunningham Trust, all rights reserved, 

Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965), Bucks County Barn, c.1916, Gelatin silver print, 19.1 x 23.9 cm, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY, © Estate of Charles Sheeler,

Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965), New York, towards the Woolworth Building, 1920, Gelatin silver print, 24.5. x 19.5 cm, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY, © Estate of Charles Sheeler,

Alfred Stieglitz (1864, –, 1946), From my window at The Shelton, West, 1931, Gelatin silver print, 23.7 x 19 cm, © George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY,

Paul Strand (1890, –, 1976), Abstraction, Bowls, Twin Lakes, Connecticut, 1936, Photogravure, 22.8 x 16.6 cm, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY, © Aperture Foundation Inc., Paul Strand Archive,

Paul Strand (1890, –, 1976), The White Fence, Port Kent, New York, 1916 (printed 1917), Photogravure, 16.5 x 21.5 cm, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY, © Aperture Foundation Inc., Paul Strand Archive,

Charles Demuth (1883, –, 1935), I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold, 1928, Oil, graphite, ink and gold leaf on paperboard, 90.2 x 76.2 cm, © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 

Georgia O’Keeffe (1887, –, 1986), East River from The Shelton Hotel, 1928, Oil on canvas, 30.5 x 81.3 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, © 2017 Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York,

Imogen Cunningham (1883, –, 1976), Two Calla Lilies, c.1925, Gelatin silver print, 30 x 22.6 cm, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY, © The Imogen Cunningham Trust, all rights reserved,

Joseph Stella (1877, –, 1946), Telegraph Poles with Buildings, 1917, Oil on canvas, 92.1 x 76.8 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago , / artist’s estate,

Joseph Stella (1877, –, 1946), Metropolitan Port, 1935–37, Oil on canvas, 89.2 x 74.3 cm, © Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC / artist’s estate,

Oscar Bluemner (1867, –, 1938), Little Falls, New Jersey, 1917, Oil on masonite, , 37.5 x 50.4 cm, © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,

Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965), MacDougal Alley, 1924, Oil on canvas, 66.5 x 52 cm, Davison Art Center Collection, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, © Estate of Charles Sheeler,

Charles Sheeler (1883–1965), Water, 1945, Oil on canvas, 61 x 74.3 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, © Estate of

Niles Spencer (1893, –, 1952), Erie Underpass, 1949, Oil on canvas, 71.1 x 91.4 cm, © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York / artist’s estate,

 George Ault (1891, –, 1948), Hoboken Factory, 1932, Oil on canvas, 50.8 x 55.9 cm, © Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, , Washington DC / artist’s estate,

Niles Spencer (1893, –, 1952), Waterfront Mill, 1940, Oil on canvas, 76.2 x 91.4 cm, © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York / artist’s estate,

Paul Kelpe (1902, –, 85), Machinery (Abstract #2), 1933–34, Oil on canvas, 97 x 67 cm, © Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC, Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965) and

Charles Demuth (1883–1935), Nospmas. M. Egiap Nospmas. M., 1921, Oil on canvas, 61 x 51.4 cm, © Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute, Utica, New York,

Louis Lozowick (1892, –, 1973), Red Circle, 1924, Oil on canvasboard, 45.7 x 38.1 cm, The Jan T. and Marica Vilcek Collection, © Estate of Louis Lozowick,

Jacob Lawrence (1917, –, 2000), The Migration Series, panel no.25: They left their homes. Soon some, communities were left almost empty., 1940–41, Casein tempera on hardboard, 45.72 x 30.48 cm, The Phillips Collection, Washington DC, © 2016 The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle , / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York,

Jacob Lawrence (1917–2000), The Migration Series, panel no. 31: The migrants found improved housingwhen they arrived north., 1940–41, Casein tempera on hardboard, 30.48 x 45.72 cm, The Phillips Collection, Washington DC, © 2016 The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle , / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York,

Arnold Rönnebeck (1885, –, 1947), Brooklyn Bridge, 1925, Lithograph on off-white wove paper, 32.1 x 17 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,

Charles Demuth (1883, –, 1935), Welcome to our City, 1921, Oil on canvas, 63.8 x 51.1 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,

Charles Demuth (1883, –, 1935), Rue du Singe Qui Pêche, 1921, Tempera on academy board, 52.2 x 41 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,

Louis Lozowick (1892, –, 1973), New York, 1925, Lithograph on off-white wove paper, 29.1 x 22.9 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Estate of Louis Lozowick, 

 

Howard Cook (1901–80), Skyscraper, 1928, Wood engraving on cream Japanese paper, 45.7 x 21.9 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago , / artist’s estate,

Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965), Delmonico Building, 1927, Lithograph on wove ivory paper, 24.8 x 17.1 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Estate of Charles Sheeler,

Louis Lozowick (1892, –, 1973), Minneapolis, 1925, Lithograph on off-white wove paper, 29.5 x 22.5 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago, © Estate of Louis Lozowick,

John Taylor Arms (1887, –, 1953), The Gates of the City, 1922, Colour etching and aquatint on cream laid paper, 21.6 x 20.2 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago , / artist’s estate

Paul Landacre (1893, –, 1963), The Press, 1934, Wood engraving on wove Japanese paper, 21 x 21 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© The Paul Landacre Estate / VAGA, New York,

Samuel Margolies (1897, –, 1974), Man’s Canyon, 1936, Etching and aquatint on cream laid paper, 30.2 x 22.4 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago , / artist’s estate,

William Charles McNulty (1889, –, 1963), New York in the Fifties, 1931, Drypoint on off-white paper, 34.3 x 17.9 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago , / artist’s estate,

Howard Cook (1901, –, 80), Time Square Sector, 1930, Etching on off-white paper, 30.5 x 25.1 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago , / artist’s estate,

Edward Weston (1886–1958), Steel: Armco, Middletown, Ohio, 1922, Palladium print, Private Collection, New York, © 1981 Center for Creative Photography, Arizona Board of Regents,

Paul Strand (1890–1976), From the El, 1915, Platinum print, 33.6 x 25.9 cm, Private Collection, New York, © Aperture Foundation Inc., Paul Strand Archive,

Berenice Abbott (1898, –, 1991), Canyon, Broadway and Exchange Place, Manhattan, 1936, Gelatin silver print, Private Collection, New York, © Berenice Abbott,

Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965), Coke Ovens-River Rouge, 1927, Gelatin silver print, Private Collection, New York, © Estate of Charles Sheeler,

Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965), Industrial Series #1, 1928, Lithograph, Private Collection, New York, © Estate of Charles Sheeler,

Ralston Crawford (1906–1978), Buffalo Grain Elevators, 1937, Oil on canvas, 102 x 127.6 cm, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC, © Ralston Crawford Estate,

Charles Sheeler (1883, –, 1965), Bucks County Barn, 1940, Oil on canvas, 46.7 x 72.1 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Estate of Charles Sheeler,

Georgia O’Keeffe (1887–1986), Ranchos Church, 1930, Oil on canvas, 61 x 91.4 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, © Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York,

Edward Hopper (1882–1967), Dawn in Pennsylvania, 1942, Oil on canvas, 61.9 x 112.4 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper, licensed by the Whitney Museum of , American Art,

Stuart Davis (1892–1964), Odol, 1924, Oil on canvas, 60.9 x 45.6 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York, © The estate of Stuart Davis/DACS, London/VAGA, New York 2017,

Edward Hopper (1882–1967), Night in the Park , 1921, Etching on white wove paper, 17.3 x 21 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper, licensed by the Whitney Museum of , American Art,

Edward Hopper (1882–1967), From Williamsburg Bridge, 1928, Oil on canvas, 74.6 x 111.1 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, © Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper, licensed by the Whitney Museum of , American Art,

Edward Hopper (1882–1967), Manhattan Bridge Loop, 1928, Oil on canvas, 88.9 x 152.4 cm, Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover MA, © Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper, licensed by the Whitney Museum of , American Art,

Edward Hopper (1882–1967), The Cat Boat, 1922, Etching on off-white wove paper, 20 x 24.9 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago, © Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper, licensed by the Whitney Museum of , American Art,

Martin Lewis (1881–1962), Which Way?, 1932, Aquatint on pale blue paper, 26.2 x 40.3 cm, © Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago , / artist’s estate,

Grant Wood (1891–1942), January , 1938, Lithograph on BFK Rives off-white paper, 22.7 x 30.2 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Successors to the Estate of Nan Wood Graham/Licensed by VAGA, , New York,

Edward Hopper (1882–1967), Night Shadows , 1921, Etching on white wove paper, 17.5 x 21 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper, licensed by the Whitney Museum of , American Art,

Edward Hopper (1882–1967), The Railroad, 1922, Etching on off-white laid paper, 20 x 25.1 cm, Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection, Chicago,© Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper, licensed by the Whitney Museum of , American Art,

Grant Wood (1891–1942), Fertility, 1939, Lithograph, 22.7 x 30.2 cm, Private Collection, New York, © Successors to the Estate of Nan Wood Graham/Licensed by VAGA, , New York,

Grant Wood (1891–1942), July Fifteenth, 1938, Lithograph on paper, Private Collection, New York, © Successors to the Estate of Nan Wood Graham/Licensed by VAGA, , New York,

Paul Strand (1890–1976), Akeley Motion Picture Camera, New York City, 1923, Gelatin silver print, 24.5 x 19.5 cm,  Victoria and Albert Museum, London, © Aperture Foundation Inc., Paul Strand Archive

Benton Murdoch Spruance (1904–1967), American Pattern - Barn, 1940, Lithograph, 19.4 x 35.6 cm, © Private Collection, New York / artist’s estate,